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Gabriele Reuter (8 February 1859 – 16 November 1941) was a German writer. Gabriele Reuter, who was widely read in her lifetime though now is almost forgotten, was known for her novel ''From a Good Family'' (Aus guter Familie, 1895), subtitled "the Passion of a Girl", which described a typical young woman of the Wilhelmine era. Other bestsellers were her novels ''Ellen of the Meadows'' (Ellen von der Weiden, 1900), the short story collection ''Women's Souls'' (Frauenseelen, 1901) and the novel ''The Americans'' (Der Amerikaner, 1907). == Biography == Gabriele Reuter was born on 8 February 1859 in Alexandria (then part of the Egypt Eyalet), where her father was an international merchant in the textile trade sector. She was a great-granddaughter of the poet Philippine Engelhard. She spent her childhood partly with her mother's relatives in Dessau (1864–69), partly in Alexandria (1869–72). After the family's return to Germany in 1872, her father died. Reuter attended finishing school for a year, but then the family lost its entire fortune, due to the general recession in the international trading system and fraud in the dissolution of her father's business, and they moved to a small apartment in Neuhaldensleben. The responsibility for younger brothers and her increasingly depressive mother led to Gabriele Reuter becoming unusually independent at an early age. The financial problems also led to her, as a young woman, using her writing talent as a source of income. In 1875/76 her first literary publications appeared in local newspapers. These were followed by conventionally written novels with an exotic flavour. The money Reuter earned from these publications funded the family move to Weimar in 1879, where she tried to establish herself as a young writer. Toward the end of the 1880s or early in the 1890s, she first travelled independently to Berlin, Vienna and Munich, to various writers conferences, and made acquaintance with other artists of the time, among them the anarchist and poet John Henry Mackay, with whom she had a long-standing friendship, and Henrik Ibsen. In 1890 Reuter moved with her mother to Munich wishing to become part of the literary Bohemian movement. She attended the founding ceremony of George Michael Conrad's "society for modern life." According to her autobiography, ''From Child to Adult'' (1921), Reuter here came up with the idea for her successful novel ''From a Good Family.'' In 1891 her mother fell ill, and Reuter was forced to return with her to Weimar. There, she established in the following years a new circle of friends (including Hans Olden and his wife Grete, Rudolf Steiner and Eduard von der Hellen), and read the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer and Ernst Haeckel. She became acquainted with the organisation "Free Stage" in Berlin and the Friedrichshagener Circle and others including Gerhart Hauptmann, Otto Erich Hartleben, Ernst von Wolzogen and, through Mackay, the publisher Samuel Fischer, who, at the end of 1895, published her novel ''From a Good Family.'' The novel was a huge success and sparked a heated debate in literary magazines and feminist pamphlets. Reuter became famous overnight. That same year she moved with her mother back to Munich, as one of her brothers had begun practising as a doctor there. On 28 October 1897 Reuter gave birth in Erbach (Württemberg) to her illegitimate daughter Lili (the father is not known). The circumstances of her pregnancy and childbirth may have informed her novel ''The House of Tears''. In 1899 Reuter moved to Berlin. In the thirty years she lived there, she published numerous novels, short stories, children's books and essays that took up the theme of gender and generational conflict. Gabriele Reuter has been praised for her fine psychological depictions and was seen as a 'poet of the fenale soul'. Her novel ''The House of Tears'' (1908), in which she described the rather drastic conditions in a home for unmarried pregnant women, caused a new scandal. After the end of the First World War she worked as a columnist for the ''Neue Freie Presse'' and in her last years as a reviewer for the ''New York Times.'' In 1929 she returned to Weimar as a septuagenarian, where she died on 16 November 1941. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gabriele Reuter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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